Legal solutions to recover a debt
Enforcement lawyer in Romania. Debt recovery in Romania
A creditor in Romania has the right to request a debtor in Romania to fulfil an obligation, which usually consists of paying a sum of money. Such claim in Romania may arise from civil contract in Romania, concluded between individuals or legal entities, but having a non-professional nature (for example, loan agreements in Romania or sale agreements in Romania between two persons without economic activity) or from commercial contracts in Romania concluded between professionals (such as companies or sole traders), for the purpose of conducting economic activity (e.g., service agreements in Romania).
Regardless of the nature of the claim – civil or commercial – the civil procedure code in Romania offers creditors several debt recovery solutions in Romania that can be used, depending on the circumstances, to obtain the payment of due amounts.
In practice, most unpaid invoice in Romania issues occur between professionals, namely in commercial contracts in Romania, as these unpaid amounts represent a significant part of the current assets of a company, and efficient debt collection in Romania is essential for maintaining financial balance. The existence of overdue debt in Romania can generate financial blockages, such as the company’s inability to fulfil its own obligations or the need to resort to other financing sources (e.g., bank loans).
Thus, the debt recovery procedure in Romania contributes to the optimal functioning of the business. Collaborating with a debt recovery lawyer in Romania is highly recommended. The litigation lawyer in Romania will analyse the contractual documentation, the nature of the claim, payment terms, and any abusive clauses in Romania found in commercial contracts in Romania, especially regarding contractual clauses in Romania between professionals.
The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates recommends using legal consultancy in Romania offered by a commercial litigation lawyer in Romania, contract lawyer in Romania, or litigation attorney in Romania, to determine which debt recovery solutions in Romania are suitable for your case in order to protect your financial interests.
The debt recovery in Romania process may take place in two stages: the amicable stage, which involves negotiations in Romania to settle the situation without court intervention, and the judicial stage, where the creditor can use legal instruments provided by the civil procedure code in Romania, such as the payment order in Romania, demand for payment in Romania, or initiating a lawsuit in Romania to oblige the debtor in Romania to pay the amount owed through forced execution in Romania.
The judicial stage may involve filing a court claim in Romania, action in court in Romania, or even initiating small track claims in Romania or small debt recovery in Romania, depending on the value of the claim in Romania.
When the court issues an enforcement title in Romania, the creditor may initiate civil enforcement proceedings in Romania to recover the debt, with the assistance of an enforcement lawyer in Romania or a judgement enforcement attorney in Romania.
For complex cases involving international conflicts, insolvency situations may arise, where an insolvency procedure in Romania is triggered, and the assistance of an insolvency lawyer in Romania becomes crucial to register the claim in Romania and participate in the creditor’s meetings.
In situations where the debtor in Romania refuses payment, and damages have occurred, the creditor may file an action for damages in Romania, requesting compensatory damages in Romania, moratory damages in Romania, or pursuing damage recovery in Romania, based on tort liability in Romania, civil liability in Romania, or contractual liability in Romania.
Given the complexity of these situations, it is recommended to get legal advice in Romania, through legal consultation in Romania, lawyer consultation in Romania, or business legal advice in Romania, to receive specialised assistance from a civil lawyer in Romania, civil rights attorney in Romania, dispute resolution lawyer in Romania, or civil suit lawyers in Romania.
Whether you are dealing with commercial disputes in Romania, abusive clauses in Romania, payment notice in Romania, notice of breach in Romania, writ of summons in Romania, or need to draft a sale and purchase agreement in Romania, the safest step is to talk to a lawyer in Romania to protect your legal and financial interests effectively. Debt recovery in Romania often requires the expertise of a liability lawyer in Romania. A liability lawyer in Romania helps protect the creditor’s rights by addressing issues related to a notice of breach in Romania. When a notice of breach in Romania is issued, it triggers legal actions under civil law in Romania. Experienced dispute resolution attorneys in Romania play a key role in handling such cases. These dispute resolution attorneys in Romania ensure efficient enforcement of rights and proper application of civil law in Romania, guiding clients through complex procedures after a notice of breach in Romania is served. The support of a skilled liability lawyer in Romania and trusted dispute resolution attorneys in Romania is essential for successful debt recovery in Romania.
Civil suit lawyers in Romania. Debt collection in Romania
Before initiating the debt recovery procedure in Romania for unpaid invoice in Romania, it is necessary for the entity acting as the creditor in Romania to ensure the existence of a written civil contract in Romania or another document justifying the claim in Romania, as well as the existence of a certain, liquid, and due debt. Although this is not formally imposed by the civil procedure code in Romania at this stage, in practice it is used to substantiate legal actions.
The importance of recovering outstanding amounts amicably, in the case of commercial contracts in Romania, sale agreements in Romania, or service agreements in Romania concluded between professionals, derives from the need to maintain commercial disputes in Romania relationships, reduce costs and the duration of procedures, and avoid international conflicts. In this regard, lawyer advice in Romania helps the creditor in Romania understand their rights and avoid procedural mistakes. If negotiations in Romania fail, legal procedures can be initiated, such as the payment order in Romania, small track claims in Romania, small debt recovery in Romania, or a classic court claim in Romania for civil litigation in Romania or commercial disputes in Romania.
The first step in debt collection in Romania is verifying the legal situation of the debtor in Romania. Before any action, the creditor in Romania should verify whether the company is active or inactive, if there are insolvency procedure in Romania, liquidation, or bankruptcy proceedings, and other relevant information such as financial statements, legal history, and active lawsuit in Romania.
After these checks, the creditor in Romania may use a payment notice in Romania as a legal tool in the debt recovery procedure in Romania, informing the debtor in Romania of the factual situation, the contractual liability in Romania, the obligations undertaken, and the warning that in case of non-payment of the overdue debt in Romania and related penalties, legal actions will be initiated before the court, such as action in court in Romania, small track claims in Romania, payment order in Romania, and steps to initiate an insolvency procedure in Romania.
Besides notifying the debtor in Romania about the existence of the claim in Romania and the due date, the payment notice in Romania serves as a “final warning” before taking legal measures and can be used as evidence in a potential civil litigation in Romania.
Depending on the debtor in Romania‘s response, after sending the payment notice in Romania, the parties may agree on full immediate payment, staggered payments, or signing a payment commitment.
The involvement of a civil lawyer in Romania or a commercial lawyer in Romania, especially a debt recovery lawyer in Romania or litigation lawyer in Romania, is essential at this stage. They can assist in drafting the payment notice in Romania or other necessary documents, manage negotiations in Romania, and ensure the debt recovery procedure in Romania is both legal and effective, protecting the creditor in Romania‘s rights.
If you wish to proceed with the next steps such as initiating a writ of summons in Romania, obtaining an enforcement title in Romania, or pursuing civil enforcement proceedings in Romania, it is highly recommended to get legal advice in Romania through legal consultation in Romania, lawyer consultation in Romania, or business legal advice in Romania. Collaborating with a dispute resolution lawyer in Romania, civil rights attorney in Romania, or judgement enforcement attorney in Romania guarantees a proper approach to recovering the overdue debt in Romania, managing contractual clauses in Romania, addressing abusive clauses in Romania, and resolving commercial disputes in Romania, including through forced execution in Romania or filing an action for damages in Romania to recover damages in Romania, including compensatory damages in Romania or moratory damages in Romania.
If you need support regarding sale and purchase agreement in Romania, contract lawyer in Romania, or commercial litigation lawyer in Romania, do not hesitate to talk to a lawyer in Romania for tailored legal solutions.
Don’t go through these challenges alone. Contact us today for expert support tailored to your needs.
Commercial litigation lawyer in Romania. Debt recovery procedure in Romania
After exhausting all amicable approaches and in case of clear refusal or lack of reaction from the debtor in Romania, the creditor in Romania may initiate judicial proceedings through which the debtor in Romania can be forced to pay the amounts due for unpaid invoice in Romania, delay penalties, or court expenses, as applicable. For debt recovery in Romania, the creditor in Romania may file an action in court in Romania, known as the general procedure, in situations where neither the payment order in Romania procedure nor the small track claims in Romania or small debt recovery in Romania apply.
The grounds for filing an action in court in Romania may be based on contractual liability in Romania or on tort liability in Romania, when dealing with civil liability in Romania outside of contractual relations. Therefore, in the general judicial procedure, the civil procedure code in Romania does not impose any special admissibility conditions regarding the amount of the claim in Romania or the legal nature of the relationship, which may involve either contractual liability in Romania or tort liability in Romania.
However, the general procedure for debt recovery in Romania tends to be lengthy, as it may involve evidence administration, incidental requests, or legal remedies. The judicial debt recovery procedure in Romania requires strict formalities, precise deadlines, and specialized legal knowledge of contractual liability in Romania, civil liability in Romania, civil contract in Romania, service agreements in Romania, sale agreements in Romania, or loan agreements in Romania.
For these reasons, involving a debt recovery lawyer in Romania is essential. A contract lawyer in Romania or litigation lawyer in Romania, specialized in debt recovery procedure in Romania, can verify whether the legal conditions for debt collection in Romania are met, namely that the debt is certain, liquid, and due.
Furthermore, a civil lawyer in Romania assists with drafting the statement of claim in Romania, preparing defenses in case of objections from the debtor in Romania, and representing the creditor in Romania before the court for civil litigation in Romania.
The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates recommends contacting a debt recovery lawyer in Romania to benefit from lawyer consultation in Romania at their office or online legal consultation in Romania. The lawyer can provide necessary guidance during negotiations in Romania, throughout both the amicable and judicial phases of the debt recovery procedure in Romania, offering comprehensive debt recovery solutions in Romania.
If you require legal advice in Romania, support for contractual clauses in Romania, handling commercial contracts in Romania, or facing commercial disputes in Romania, it is recommended to talk to a lawyer in Romania, benefiting from professional legal consultancy in Romania, attorney consultation in Romania, or business legal advice in Romania, ensuring your rights as a creditor in Romania are fully protected.
Civil lawyer in Romania. Civil litigation in Romania
In addition to filing an action in court in Romania, following the general procedure, and using fast-track debt recovery solutions in Romania, creditors can also recover debts by initiating the insolvency procedure in Romania. The debt recovery procedure in Romania through insolvency is no longer regulated by the civil procedure code in Romania, but by Law no. 85/2014 regarding the insolvency procedure in Romania.
Once the insolvency procedure in Romania is initiated, any other civil enforcement proceedings in Romania or forced execution in Romania already started against the debtor in Romania are automatically suspended by law. The debt recovery procedure in Romania from a company undergoing the insolvency procedure in Romania is complex, requiring knowledge of the insolvency law, the necessary documents for insolvency procedure in Romania, and compliance with deadlines for submitting a claim in Romania to the creditors’ table.
In this context, a commercial litigation lawyer in Romania or an insolvency lawyer in Romania can assist the creditor in Romania with the entire debt recovery procedure in Romania, including preparing the required documents for insolvency procedure in Romania, drafting the statement of claim in Romania for registration to the creditors’ table, drafting the declaration of claim in Romania, submitting the request for initiating the insolvency procedure in Romania, filing objections to the preliminary creditors’ table, and providing other legal services to protect the creditor in Romania during the insolvency procedure in Romania.
The protection of the creditor in Romania is particularly important in the insolvency procedure in Romania, as the goal is the debt collection in Romania, often involving significant amounts of money. Therefore, a debt recovery lawyer in Romania or insolvency lawyer in Romania can offer legal assistance for preparing the documents required for insolvency procedure in Romania, drafting the statement of claim in Romania, submitting the claim in Romania to the creditors’ table, and, if the insolvency procedure in Romania is already opened, filing objections to the claim in Romania submitted by other creditors if necessary.
After initiating the insolvency procedure in Romania, the court appoints an insolvency administrator, who determines the causes of insolvency and informs the creditor in Romania about deadlines for objections, submitting claim in Romania, and attending the creditors’ meetings. For successful debt recovery in Romania, the creditor in Romania must submit claim in Romania supported by relevant documents. The legal deadline for submitting claim in Romania and publishing the preliminary creditors’ table is a maximum of 60 days from the opening of the insolvency procedure in Romania.
The insolvency administrator reviews each claim in Romania and prepares the preliminary creditors’ table, which can be contested. The debtor in Romania‘s assets are liquidated, and the proceeds are distributed to creditors, finalizing the debt recovery procedure in Romania for legal entities.
The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates provides legal consultancy in Romania, including lawyer consultation in Romania at the office or legal consultation in Romania online, covering the entire debt recovery procedure in Romania, negotiations in Romania, payment order in Romania, small track claims in Romania, small debt recovery in Romania, damage recovery in Romania, or debt recovery solutions in Romania through the insolvency procedure in Romania.
Our legal team offers comprehensive lawyer advice in Romania, including analyzing the claim in Romania, drafting the statement of claim in Romania by an insolvency lawyer in Romania, legal representation before the insolvency administrator, filing objections, attending creditors’ meetings through an insolvency lawyer in Romania, pursuing liability for responsible persons with the help of a liability lawyer in Romania, and overseeing the liquidation of assets.
If you seek legal advice in Romania for commercial contracts in Romania, contractual clauses in Romania, commercial disputes in Romania, sale agreements in Romania, service agreements in Romania, loan agreements in Romania, or other civil contract in Romania matters, we recommend you talk to a lawyer in Romania for business legal advice in Romania and professional support throughout the entire debt recovery in Romania process.
Litigation attorney in Romania. Commercial disputes in Romania
The law also provides two simplified debt recovery solutions in Romania, namely the payment order in Romania and the small track claims in Romania procedure. These procedures were created to resolve debt recovery in Romania situations quickly, efficiently, and with reduced costs, thus supporting the business environment and protecting the rights of the creditor in Romania. The creditor in Romania can choose between initiating a payment order in Romania, filing a small track claims in Romania form, or pursuing the dispute through an action in court in Romania.
The small track claims in Romania procedure applies if the main claim in Romania does not exceed 10,000 RON, excluding interests, penalties, or other accessories. A small debt recovery in Romania procedure can be initiated regardless of the nature of the claim in Romania, except for matters related to fiscal, administrative, or customs fields, or where the liability of the state is engaged in exercising public authority.
Compared to the payment order in Romania, the court may allow, in the case of small track claims in Romania, the administration of any type of evidence, not only written evidence. The only condition is that administering the proposed evidence must not be excessively burdensome compared to the value of the claim in Romania.
Another advantage of this simplified debt recovery procedure in Romania is the ease of drafting and submitting the request, as it consists of completing a small track claims in Romania form, which is then submitted to the competent court. Moreover, the judicial stamp duty for a small track claims in Romania form is 50 RON for claims in Romania that do not exceed 2,000 RON and 200 RON for claims in Romania exceeding 2,000 RON.
It is, however, important to obtain lawyer advice in Romania from a civil lawyer in Romania specialized in civil litigation in Romania, civil contract in Romania, loan agreements in Romania, or abusive clauses in Romania within commercial contracts in Romania, depending on your situation, to ensure the correct completion of the small track claims in Romania form, avoid procedural errors, and secure legal representation in court by a litigation lawyer in Romania or dispute resolution lawyer in Romania.
For professional legal advice in Romania, you can talk to a lawyer in Romania or request legal consultancy in Romania to ensure the protection of your rights during the debt collection in Romania process.
Commercial lawyer in Romania. Legal consultation in Romania
The payment order in Romania is another simplified and therefore faster debt recovery procedure in Romania, regulated by the civil procedure code in Romania, through which a creditor in Romania can recover an overdue, certain, and liquid debt resulting from a civil contract in Romania, statute, regulation, or other written document, signed or otherwise acknowledged by the parties in a form accepted by law. Through this debt recovery in Romania procedure, only claims in Romania regarding the payment of a sum of money can be recovered. If the object of the claim in Romania is, for example, the delivery of goods or the provision of services, the creditor in Romania can initiate a court claim in Romania under common law proceedings.
Since the debt must be certain, liquid, and overdue, and based on a civil contract in Romania acknowledged by the parties, the evidence is provided exclusively by written documents. A certain claim in Romania means its existence is undeniable, as shown by the written evidence. A liquid claim in Romania means that the amount is determined or determinable. An overdue claim in Romania means the payment term has expired, and the debtor in Romania has not fulfilled the payment.
The advantages of the payment order in Romania include the fact that there are no value limitations for the claim in Romania, and the judicial stamp duty is fixed, respectively 200 RON for each procedural stage.
However, compared to the small track claims in Romania, which does not require preliminary steps, the payment order in Romania procedure requires a demand for payment in Romania to be sent to the debtor in Romania before filing the court claim in Romania. The payment notice in Romania gives the debtor in Romania 15 days to pay the amount owed. This demand for payment in Romania is sent through a bailiff (executor) or via registered mail with declared content and acknowledgment of receipt.
If the debtor in Romania fails to pay within 15 days of receiving the payment notice in Romania, the creditor in Romania files the payment order in Romania request with the competent court, accompanied by supporting documents such as loan agreements in Romania, commercial contracts in Romania, invoices, correspondence, or delivery confirmations.
The court examines the request and the evidence, which consists exclusively of written documents, and issues the payment order in Romania if the claim in Romania is justified, establishing the deadline by which the debtor in Romania must pay the amount owed. This term cannot be less than 10 days or more than 30 days from the communication of the order.
The court may also close the case with a final decision if the creditor in Romania declares that the debt has been paid, or through a settlement if the creditor in Romania and the debtor in Romania reach an agreement.
The payment order in Romania is final and serves as an enforcement title in Romania. If the debtor in Romania disputes the debt, the court examines the documents and the parties’ explanations. If the debtor in Romania’s defense is justified, the court rejects the payment order in Romania request.
Once the decision is issued, the forced execution in Romania procedure may begin through a bailiff. The creditor in Romania submits a civil enforcement proceedings in Romania request to the competent bailiff, either personally, through a litigation lawyer in Romania, or by email.
The civil enforcement proceedings in Romania request must include the full name and address of the creditor in Romania and debtor in Romania, the object of the debt or type of service owed, the enforcement methods requested by the creditor in Romania.
The request must be accompanied by the enforcement title in Romania, either in original or certified copy, proof of payment for stamp duties, including the judicial stamp, and any other documents required by law.
Filing a challenge, namely a statement of claim in Romania, does not suspend the civil enforcement proceedings in Romania. The debtor in Romania may submit such a challenge within 10 days from the communication of the court decision. A suspension request for the forced execution in Romania can be filed separately or along with the statement of claim in Romania, provided there are serious grounds for suspension.
For proper guidance and avoiding procedural errors, it is highly recommended to seek lawyer advice in Romania, consult a debt recovery lawyer in Romania, civil lawyer in Romania, or litigation attorney in Romania, especially when dealing with debt collection in Romania, contractual liability in Romania, overdue debt in Romania, or damage recovery in Romania matters. You can also talk to a lawyer in Romania for specialized legal consultation in Romania or business legal advice in Romania, depending on the complexity of the case.
Contract lawyer in Romania. Business legal advice in Romania
Damages, whether compensatory damages or moratory damages, complement the mechanisms of debt recovery in Romania, protecting the creditor in Romania not only regarding the owed amount but also against direct losses caused by non-performance or delay. The creditor in Romania may request compensatory damages to cover the actual prejudice suffered due to total, partial, or improper non-performance of obligations. If the obligation was performed late, the creditor in Romania is entitled to claim moratory damages, awarded in the form of legal interest or late payment penalties.
Damages in Romania can be claimed by the creditor in Romania in amicable procedures; within judicial procedures, the claim may include the principal sum, interest, penalties, or other damages; in the insolvency procedure in Romania, the creditor in Romania may register both the principal debt and the associated damages in the creditors’ table.
Collaboration with a debt recovery lawyer in Romania or an enforcement lawyer in Romania is essential in choosing the right debt recovery solutions in Romania, drafting the necessary legal documents, and representing the client before courts and authorities.
Debt recovery in Romania is essential for the financial health of any company or individual. Whether involving domestic commercial relationships or international conflicts, consulting a debt recovery lawyer in Romania or a judgement enforcement attorney in Romania can be the difference between quick debt collection in Romania and permanent loss of owed sums. In more complex cases, including those involving abusive clauses in Romania in contracts between professionals, assistance from a specialized commercial litigation lawyer in Romania or an abusive clauses in Romania lawyer is recommended. This allows checking the legality of contracts and challenging provisions that severely affect the creditor in Romania’s economic interests.
For companies operating in national or international markets, engaging a business legal advice in Romania attorney or an abusive clauses in Romania lawyer is essential in drafting contracts, preventing disputes, and recovering outstanding sums.
If judicial procedures are won but the debtor in Romania does not voluntarily pay, the final stage is forced execution in Romania.
A commercial litigation lawyer in Romania or an enforcement lawyer in Romania knows in detail the enforcement procedures and collaborates with bailiffs to ensure the effective recovery of owed amounts. Such legal consultancy in Romania services are crucial to ensure that court decisions have practical effects.
In conclusion, whether dealing with simple disputes, complex cases involving abusive clauses in Romania, international conflicts, or the enforcement stage, consulting an enforcement lawyer in Romania or judgement enforcement attorney in Romania remains the safest way for efficient debt recovery in Romania.
Therefore, debt recovery in Romania is necessary both in domestic commercial relationships and in complex cases generated by international conflicts. When debtors in Romania refuse payment, the civil enforcement proceedings in Romania procedure can be used to pursue their assets or accounts.
For such a stage, support from an enforcement lawyer in Romania or a judgement enforcement attorney in Romania is important, as they know the procedures and collaborate with bailiffs. Accessing specialized legal advice in Romania significantly increases the chances of fast and efficient money recovery.
In this context, the Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates offers legal services at a high professional standard in various practice areas, including debt recovery procedure in Romania. Our team demonstrates a complex understanding of legal regulations in this field, providing clear and efficient debt recovery solutions in Romania to all clients seeking business legal advice in Romania or an enforcement lawyer in Romania.
Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is one of the top law firms in Romania, providing high-quality legal services. The firm’s clients include multinational and domestic companies of great magnitude. In 2025, the law firm’s success stories brought it international recognition from the most prestigious international guides and publications in the field. As a result, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm ranked 3rd in Romania in the Legal 500’s ranking of business law firms with the most relevant expertise. The law firm is internationally recognized by the IFLR 1000 Financial and Corporate 2025 guide. Additionally, Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm is the only law firm in Romania recommended by the international director of Global Law Experts in London in the Dispute Resolution practice area. All relevant information about Pavel, Margarit and Associates Law Firm can be found on the website www.avocatpavel.com.
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