Recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgements
Enforcement attorney in Romania. Foreign judgements in Romania
Recognition of foreign judgements in Romania is a procedure regulated by national and international legislation that allows a judgement issued by a court in another state to be recognized and, if applicable, enforced on Romanian territory. The procedure for recognizing a foreign sentence in Romania aims to maintain international balance. In addition to the conditions necessary for the recognition of foreign judgements in Romania, the procedure also depends on the relations between the states involved and the applicable international treaties.
In Romania, the legal framework for recognizing foreign judgements is represented by the code of civil procedure in Romania, which sets out the necessary conditions for recognizing a foreign sentence in Romania, the grounds for refusal of recognition, the competent court, or aspects regarding the substance of the case, the summoning of parties, or prescription.
The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates recommends consulting a civil lawyer in Romania or a judgement enforcement attorney in Romania to assist with the preparation of documentation, including drafting the recognition request, attaching supporting documents, and providing assistance with the translation of required documents. The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates collaborates with top experts in various fields, including authorized translators, offering complete legal assistance services to ensure the procedures are correct and efficient for cases involving forced execution in Romania.
Civil lawyer in Romania. Definitive sentence in Romania
For a judgement to benefit from the authority of res judicata in Romania, several conditions must be met. The first and most important condition refers to the fact that the judgement must be a definitive sentence in Romania. This requirement, consisting of a definitive sentence, is assessed according to the law of the state where it was issued. Additionally, for the procedure of recognizing foreign judgements in Romania, the code of civil procedure in Romania establishes conditions regarding the jurisdiction of the court that issued a definitive sentence in Romania and the existence of reciprocity concerning the effects of foreign judgements in Romania between Romania and the state of the court that issued the judgement.
However, meeting these conditions does not guarantee that the recognition of foreign judgements in Romania will occur, as recognition may be refused if the judgement is contrary to public order, if the case was resolved between the same parties through a decision, even if not definitive, by Romanian courts or is pending before them at the time the foreign court was seized, if Romanian courts had exclusive jurisdiction over the case, if the right to defense was violated, or if the judgement is still subject to appeal in the state where it was issued.
Collaborating with a civil lawyer in Romania or a judgement enforcement attorney in Romania ensures compliance with deadlines and the submission of complete documentation while avoiding procedural errors regarding the interpretation of texts in the matter of recognizing foreign judgements included in the code of civil procedure in Romania. Moreover, an enforcement lawyer in Romania has extensive expertise in the field, gained from personal experience and consulting jurisprudence on foreign judgements in Romania, which is why resorting to legal assistance services ensures efficient management of the procedure.
The court competent to rule on the recognition request is the tribunal in whose jurisdiction the domicile or, as the case may be, the headquarters of the person who refused the recognition of the foreign judgement is located. If jurisdiction cannot be determined, it is assigned to the Bucharest Tribunal. Along with the recognition request, the following documents must be submitted to the court: a copy of the foreign sentence in Romania, proof of its definitive nature, a copy of the summons delivery proof and the initiating act, or any other documents proving that the conditions for recognition are met. The documents must be accompanied by authorized translations and, if necessary, legalized.Jurisprudence on foreign judgements in Romania highlights that a fee, referred to as a tax for foreign judgement recognition in Romania, must be paid in accordance with the applicable legal provisions.
Don’t go through these challenges alone. Contact us today for expert support tailored to your needs.
Enforcement lawyer in Romania. Forced execution in Romania
An important aspect regarding the effects of filing a request for the recognition of foreign judgements in Romania is that it interrupts the prescription of the right to obtain forced execution in Romania. Although a definitive sentence in Romania is obtained for this purpose, cases in which it is not voluntarily enforced are quite common in practice. Therefore, recourse to forced execution in Romania is possible if the judgement constitutes an enforceable title. To initiate the enforcement, a request for approval must be submitted, which is resolved through a decision. Based on this definitive sentence in Romania, an enforceable title is issued, in compliance with Romanian law provisions. This enforceable title must also mention the approval judgement.
A judgement enforcement attorney in Romania can assist you throughout the procedure of recognizing foreign judgements in Romania, implementing them, and filing an enforcement contestation if necessary. They can provide detailed explanations regarding procedural deadlines, recognition conditions, and the tax for foreign judgement recognition in Romania, while also consulting jurisprudence on foreign judgements in Romania to substantiate the arguments presented before the court.
The Romanian Law Firm Pavel Mărgărit and Associates offers high-standard professional legal services in various practice areas, including those concerning the recognition of foreign judgements in Romania, the tax for foreign judgement recognition in Romania, and forced execution in Romania. Our team demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of both domestic and international procedural regulations, providing clear and efficient legal solutions to all clients seeking the services of a civil lawyer in Romania.
Articles from the practice area
Causes, risks and impact on the business environment in the context of the financial crisis in Romania The deterioration of payment discipline represents one of the current challenges facing the Romanian business environment, with direct effects on liquidity, contractual stability and the continuity of commercial activities. Recent economic analyses indicate that the final months of […]
Cross-border insolvency and secondary proceedings: The European legal framework and conditions of admissibility in Romania The constant evolution of international trade and the dynamics of financial markets require rigorous cooperation between judicial authorities in order to protect commercial relations, the legal framework being essentially defined by Regulation (EU) No. 848/2015 on insolvency proceedings. This European […]
How the new amendments protect buyers: Obligations and responsibilities of real estate developers The entry into force of Law no. 207/2025, commonly referred to as the “Nordis Law”, represents one of the most significant legislative reforms in the field of real estate law practice in recent years, fundamentally changing the manner in which buyers of […]
How to protect your business in Romania during and after an NAFA tax audit: Legal Assistance, Appeals, and Suspension of enforcement NAFA audits represent a frequent reality in the Romanian business environment, and the administrative fiscal acts issued following these controls—such as a tax assessment or any other tax decision—may have a significant impact on […]
Contesting enforcement and enforcement orders in Romania: Steps to protect your rights In Romania, enforcement and enforcement proceedings play a crucial role in ensuring compliance with court decisions and financial obligations. When a debt collection process escalates to forced execution, understanding your rights becomes vital. If you receive a demand for payment from a bailiff […]
Civil tort liability in the context of urban explosions and accidents in Romania Tort liability represents the legal institution through which a person is obliged to repair the damage caused by an unlawful act committed with fault, pursuant to Articles 1349–1395 of the Romanian Civil Code. It is one of the fundamental forms of civil […]
Civil lawyer in Romania. Key steps to navigate a court procedure A civil lawyer in Romania plays a crucial role in guiding clients through the complex stages of the debt recovery procedure and the enforcement procedure of a writ of execution. In Romanian civil law, the process of debt recovery often involves multiple legal mechanisms, […]
On the Romanian real estate market, the growing volume of transactions and their increasing legal complexity make the assistance of real estate lawyers from a professional real estate law firm indispensable. Before any acquisition, a meticulous review of the documents recorded in the land registry is essential to identify potential encumbrances, mortgages, pending property disputes, […]
The Magistrates’ Strike and Its Impact on Divorce and Property Division Cases in Romania – What Litigants in Romania Need to Know The magistrates’ strike in Romania has generated an unprecedented blockage in the activity of the courts, directly affecting thousands of divorces, procedures of divorce partition, property divisions, and other civil cases. The suspension […]
Civil lawyer. Key steps to navigate a court procedure When dealing with civil litigation, the role of a civil lawyer becomes central in protecting your rights and guiding you through the legal system. A civil lawyer is trained to handle civil disputes, including real estate disputes, employment disputes, and cases involving civil liability. Without the […]
Legal consultation online. Benefits of quick access to specialized lawyers in Romania Legal consultation online has become one of the most requested solutions in Romania. A lawyer in Romania can now provide rapid and efficient legal assistance, while clients save both time and resources. Many Romanian lawyers working within a law firm or a modern […]
Justice in Romania on hold: Postponed hearings, blocked files, and legal solutions for citizens in Romania The magistrates’ strike in Romania has led to a temporary suspension of judicial activity in many courts, causing numerous court cases to be postponed and hearing dates to be rescheduled. This situation directly affects citizens and companies who depend […]